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The history, science, and innovation of Holter technology.

Kennedy HL

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA. hkennedy_usa@yahoo.com

Holter technology has endured for more than 40 years, and proven to be a valuable adjunctive noninvasive diagnostic technology to record the ambulatory or long-term electrocardiogram in the study of living creatures. During this span of time, many scientists, physicians, and innovators contributed to the development and evolution of Holter technology. This essay seeks to document a view of the history and evolution of the technology during that time, and concomitantly give recognition to the scientists, physicians, and engineers who contributed so greatly.

Published 13 February 2006 in Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol, 11(1): 85-94.
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